The effects of psychostimulants on cognitive functions in individuals with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review

The effects of psychostimulants on cognitive functions in individuals with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review

Forfattere
McKenzie, A. Meshkat, S. Lui, L. M. W. Ho, R. Di Vincenzo, J. D. Ceban, F. Cao, B. McIntyre, R. S.
Årstall
2022
Tidsskrift
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Volum
149
Sider
252-259
Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with a broad range of deficits in cognitive functions which has significant implications for quality of life. Psychostimulants are demonstrated to improve symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, however, their impact on cognition remains incompletely characterized. Herein, the aim of this systematic review is to synthesize the extant literature reporting on the effects of psychostimulants on cognitive function in individuals with ADHD. Method(s): A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to July 2021 was conducted. Additional studies were identified through Google Scholar and a manual search of the reference lists of relevant articles. Inclusion criteria were original studies that evaluated the cognitive function of individuals with ADHD taking psychostimulants drugs. We assessed the quality of the included papers using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). Result(s): A total of 10 studies involving 753 subjects with ADHD and 194 healthy controls were identified and eligible for inclusion. Nine studies evaluated the impact of methylphenidate on cognitive function and one study investigated the use of lisdexamfetamine. Results indicated that attentional deficits such as memory, vigilance, divided attention, phasic and tonic alertness, and focused attention were improved in ADHD patients treated with psychostimulants. The efficacy of psychostimulants in improving other domains of cognition remains inconclusive due to conflicting evidence or insignificant findings (ie. academic performance and executive function). Overall, results indicate that psychostimulants may improve only select domains of cognition (ie. memory and attention). Conclusion(s): Psychostimulants are reported to improve several disparate aspects of cognition among individuals with ADHD. Further research is needed to better understand the complex relationships between cognition and behavior in ADHD, as well as the impact of medication on these distinct aspects of functioning. Further research is also needed to determine whether the pro-cognitive effect of stimulants would be transferable to other mental disorders. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

Oversett med Google Translate
-
Tiltaksnivå

Behandling og hjelpetiltak

Tema

Psykiske vansker og lidelser

ADHD

Utvikling og livsmestring

Kognisjon (hukommelse, oppmerksomhet, eksekutive funksjoner)

Tiltak

Medikamentell behandling

Stimulerende midler

Aldersgruppe

Barn i skolealder (6-12 år)

Ungdom (13-18 år)

Mer informasjon
Leter du etter mer informasjon om temaet? Trykk på lenkene nedenfor for å søke i PsykTestBarn og Tiltakshåndboka for barn og unges psykiske helse.