Parents Plus Systemic, Solution-Focused Parent Training Programs: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Parents Plus Systemic, Solution-Focused Parent Training Programs: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Authors
O'Dwyer, C. Twomey, C. Davis, B. Sharry, J. Brosnan, E. Carr, A.
Year
2025
Journal
Family Process
Volume
64
Pages
e70049
This systematic review and meta-analysis of Parent Plus (PP) Program evaluation studies aimed to update a previous meta-analysis published in 2017. PP programs are systemic, solution-focused, group-based parent training interventions for the prevention and treatment of a range of child and adolescent problems. Controlled or uncontrolled, randomized or non-randomized trials involving at least 10 cases which evaluated PP programs were included in the review. PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL, and ERIC databases were searched from January 2016 to January 2014. Risk of bias was evaluated with RoB2 and ROBINS-I. Since the last meta-analysis, the pool of PP studies has increased by 25%. This updated meta-analysis included 21 studies involving 1179 families. In controlled trials, there were significant between-group, post-intervention effect sizes for child behavior (g = 0.42 [0.25, 0.59], p < 0.001, k = 13), goal attainment (g = 1.22 [0.83, 1.60], p < 0.001, k = 9), parental satisfaction (g = 0.67 [0.36, 0.98], p < 0.001, k = 8) and parental stress (g = 0.45 [0.20, 0.71], p < 0.01, k = 10) favoring PP programs. The main limitation of the review was the risk of bias in the primary studies reviewed. This updated meta-analysis shows that PP programs are evidence-based, systemic interventions that may lead to positive outcomes for families of children with emotional and behavioral problems, post-divorce adjustment difficulties, intellectual disability, ADHD, and at risk of obesity. Trial Registration: PROSPERO: CRD42024504594.

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Type of intervention

Early Intervention

Treatment and Child Welfare Interventions

Topic

Mental Health Problems and Disorders

Behavior Problems

Externalizing Behaviors / Challenging Behaviors

ADHD

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Biological Risk Factors, Diseases and Symptoms

Mental/Physical Impairment

Intervention

Psychological Treatments

Parent Guidance / Therapy

The organization of interventions

Group Interventions

Age group

Infants and Toddlers (0-2 years)

Preschool Aged Children (3-5 years)

School Aged Children (6-12 years)

Adolescents (13-18 years)

More information
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