Background: Consistent diabetes control is crucial for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) to prevent diabetic complications. Analyzing the long-term effects of non-pharmacological interventions can improve diabetes management.
Aim: To examine the long-term effects of non-pharmacological interventions in adolescents and young adults with T1D through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
Methods: The searches, without any year limitations, were conducted in seven databases. Two reviewers independently performed data extraction and risk of bias assessments. The meta-analysis was conducted using the RevMan 5.4 program and R Studio. The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024503185).
Results: A total of 40 studies were included in the systematic review, of which 28 were included in the meta-analysis. Notably, non-pharmacological interventions were effective in improving glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at 6 months and self-care at >12 months of follow-up. Subgroup analyses revealed that combined interventions encompassing self-care behavior management, education, and psychological interventions could enhance self-care. Additionally, a combination of face-to-face and telephonic communication was effective in improving HbA1c.
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